大家是如何对webApi写测试的呢?
1.利用Fiddler直接做请求,观察response的内容。
2.利用Httpclient做请求,断言response的内容。
3.直接调用webApi的action,这种方式的测试跟真实的调用还是有一定差距,不够完美。
接下来我介绍一种webApi的in-memory调用方法,也能够达到对webApi的测试,并且由于是in-memory调用,效率也比较高,非常适写 单元测试。本文参考了In memory client, host and integration testing of your Web API service。
一、首先写一个OrderController用来做测试用
public class OrderController : ApiController { // GET api/order public Order Get() { return new Order(){Id = 1,Descriptions = "descriptions",Name = "name"}; } // GET api/order/5 public string Get(int id) { return "value"; } // POST api/order public Order Post(Order order) { return order; } // DELETE api/order/5 public void Delete(int id) { } } |
二、WebApi的请求过程
webApi的核心是对消息的管道处理,整个核心是有一系列消息处理器(HttpMessageHandler)首尾连接的双向管道,管道头为HttpServer,管道尾为HttpControllerDispatcher,HttpControllerDispatcher负责对controller的激活和action的执行,然后相应的消息逆向流出管道。
所以我们可以利用HttpMessageInvoker将一个请求消息HttpRequestMessage发送到管道中,最后收到的消息HttpResponseMessage就代表一个真实的请求响应。
三、Get请求的测试
[Test] public void GetTest() { string baseAddress = "http://localhost:33203/"; HttpConfiguration config = new HttpConfiguration(); WebApiConfig.Register(config); config.IncludeErrorDetailPolicy = IncludeErrorDetailPolicy.Always; HttpServer server = new HttpServer(config); HttpMessageInvoker messageInvoker = new HttpMessageInvoker(server); CancellationTokenSource cts = new CancellationTokenSource(); HttpRequestMessage request = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, baseAddress + "api/order"); using (HttpResponseMessage response = messageInvoker.SendAsync(request, cts.Token).Result) { var content = response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result; var result = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Order>(content); result.Name.Should().Be("name"); } } |
四、Post请求的测试
[Test] public void PostTest() { string baseAddress = "http://localhost:33203/"; HttpConfiguration config = new HttpConfiguration(); WebApiConfig.Register(config); config.IncludeErrorDetailPolicy = IncludeErrorDetailPolicy.Always; HttpServer server = new HttpServer(config); HttpMessageInvoker messageInvoker = new HttpMessageInvoker(server); CancellationTokenSource cts = new CancellationTokenSource(); HttpRequestMessage request = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Post, baseAddress + "api/order"); var order = new Order() { Id = 1, Name = "orderName", Descriptions = "orderDescriptions" }; request.Content = new ObjectContent<Order>(order, new JsonMediaTypeFormatter()); using (HttpResponseMessage response = messageInvoker.SendAsync(request, cts.Token).Result) { var content = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(order, new JsonSerializerSettings() { ContractResolver = new CamelCasePropertyNamesContractResolver() }); response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result.Should().Be(content); } } |